Development and Validation of a Japanese-Language Questionnaire to Screen for Tension-Type Headaches and Migraines

Introduction Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are chronic diseases associated with significant socioeconomic losses social psychological impact (current global prevalence: 10% 38%, respectively). Thus, they require accurate identification classification. In clinical practice, validated screening tools able to quickly determine migraine TTH high sensitivity specificity help provide an objective multifaceted understanding of patients' symptoms. However, no tool has been developed or yet in Japan ask questions about headache-related symptoms order identify understand these This study aimed develop a questionnaire for migraine. Methods The was conducted from March June 2022 at medical institution Osaka, Japan. - comprising 24 that were generated based on the 3rd edition International Classification Headache Disorders used screen TTH, aiming deeper related participants patients aged ≥18 years least one following diagnoses: migraine, TTH. asked respond writing online. inclusion criteria age years; attending hospital; diagnoses following: informativeness discriminating ability items evaluated using item response theory. Items calculated discrimination ≥1.35 (high very high) retained purposes. Basic required primary headaches retained, despite their limited computational power. Ultimately, nine eight finalized respectively. previous neurologists' diagnosis each patient as gold standard reference calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive negative predictive values regarding items. Cohen's kappa coefficients 95% CIs also agreement between results. Results population comprised 69 19-89 who assisted hospital division specializing medicine diagnosed by neurologists. Of these, 22 had 30 17 migraine/TTH. Comparing neurologists’ our results, 72.7% 86.7% 50.0% 86.4% Conclusions Our brief highly specific diagnosing individuals but lacked sufficient especially suggests we this can correctly those do not have relatively suggesting migraine-positive individuals. low. could clinicians providing detailed course assessment symptoms; however, issue low needs be addressed.